Improvement in furnaces for the manufacture of iron and steel



.L W. NYSTHM.

Making Bessemr Steel;

vPatented 0c'. 8, W6?.

vlux

lll

1H: cams PETERS co.. wwwa-uws., wAs 41NGToN,D. c,

UNiTnn STATES ATENT FFME.)

IMPROVEMENT IN FURNACES FOR THE MANUFACTURE 0F IRON AND STEEL.

Specification forming part of Letters-Patent No. 33,446, dated October8, *1861.*

To all whom t Amay concern:

Be it known that l, JOHN. NYsTRoM, of

the city'an.d= county of Philadelphia, in the State'of Pennsylvania,have inventedcertain new Iand useful improvements in the construction,arrangement, and operation of furnaces destined for tne manufacture ofiron and steel;

and I hereby .declare that the following, taken in connectionwith theaccompanyingdraw ings, is a full, clear, and exact descriptionlof thesame.

My invention consists, first, in the 4construction of a barrel-furnacein which one 'or more tuyeres are arranged at suchen angle in relationto the curved bottom of the furnace that the blast shall be tangent, ornearly so,l to the Said bottom, and agitatethe molten niass by shakingof the furnace during the operation of decarbonization, substantiallyasv herein-V after specified; fourth, in theformation of a 4flue orchimney uniting the barrel-furnace with the cupola or blast furnace,essentially as hereinafter shown and described, so that particles ofiron carried ofi' with the air or gases or other volatile products maybe returned to the furnace, and thus be utilized again; fifth, inseforming and arranging the' outlet of a barrel-furnace constructed andoperated as hereinafter described as that it shall occupy, when `'thefurnace'is in position to be emptied, the lowest part of the concavebottom. l

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my improvements, Ishall now proceed to describe the construction, arrangenient, andoperation of the furnace, referring to the accompanying drawings, inwhich-- Figure 1 represents a cross-section of m improved furnace ascombined with' an ordinary cupola; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section of.

the same through-the line AB in Fig. 1, and

Fig, 3a plan view of an arrangement of severalfurnaces with theircupolas. l

The furnace E', itwill be seen, is formed into the shape of a barrelplaced horizontally and supported at one end by a hollow trunnion, G,resting in suitable bearings, .while at the other endit is held inposition bymeans of two friction-rollers, f f. The front or cap, E, thein' side of which is lined with fire clay and brioh, is screwed orclamped or otherwise securely attached to the'end of the furnace, sothat it may be easily removed when the iniside of the furnace is to bebuilt up, repaired, or cleaned` out.

In the drawings, Hf iepresents themass of molten` cast-iron to bedecarbonized on the' lwell-known .principle by blowing'air intol orthrough it. The air is conveyed from a suitable blowing-engine tbroughthe pipe-and 'pasf sages a a. and'is blown into thefurnacethroughthe tuyercs b b,w.hich are placed in an inclined position of aboutforty-five degrees, tangenting the curved bottom of the furnace. By thusarranging the tuyeres a more thorough and regular circulation isimparted to theiluassc molten iron. The carbonic-acid gas formed'in.

the furnace is conveyed 'off by the chimney C into the cupola or blastfurnace P. ,v Particles of iron that are carried oif with the air,gases, orother volatile products engendered during 'the cnrbonization ofthe iron will be'thus collected'and utilized in the cupola or blastfurnace, while additional heat for themelting of the cast-iron or thesmelting of the orewill-be attained. The frame hf contains thefrictionrollers f f and strap t, which are arranged in such as clamps,weights,l wedges, screws, Src.; 'but I have described a simple andecient device to eiiect the purpose. The outer shell of 'riveted to theback I.

In the. shell of the furnace opposite. the tuyeres are insertedremovable glasses'n non for the purpose of looking through into the furthe furnace I prefer to make of wrought-iron,

mass.

e eamo e' under the spout S. The iron may be thus g run directly fromthe cupola er blast furnace into the furnace F.

In order -to clean the furnace outl from slag,

vne. it is turned so that the mouthc comes down toward the corner o,when part of the slagwill run out, the remainder being removed bysuitable tools or implements. The furnacemay .be turned by gearing,worin-screw, or other mechanism. furnace by means 0f ropes and pulleys,the former fastened to the end of the lever '1, while the latter issecured to som'e convenient placev in or near the ceiling or roof of thefoundry. When the iron 'is decarbonized, the furnace is turned sot-hatthe 'openingd comes to d', in which position it is allowed to remain fora few minutes, so that the slagand other light impurities may rise tothe surface of the molten outlet fl', vbeing at the4 bottom of thevessel,

lets out the pureiron or steel iirst,`while the' this way. On one4 sideof' the cupolas the' blast is lcd through a pipe 'or column, m, into thefurnaces l", and by the pipes g into the cnpolas. The pit for castinglargev and 'longpieees branches o lf underthe furnaces,' as

shown in the drawings.' Boards e e' c are placed for crossing the pit.This seemsto be agood arrangement; but it can also be arranged with along pit directly und'cr the furnaces, as shown on the other side of thecupolas.

The operation is conducted inthe followingv manner: rlhe cast-'ironisfirst melted. down in the cupolal. g the lever Z, so that thc-mouth ccomes to c under thespout S. When the cast-iron is melted, it is letout'in theordinary way and conducted by the spoutS directly intothefurnace F, until it is about half-full, which will be indicated bythe fluid mass being in the barrel-furnaceon a level with the mouth c'.'The spout-S is then drawn aside, the blast It is intended here to turnthe.

The iluid metal is then 1ct out through the aperatfure d, eitherdirectly into a mold or chill, D, or by the spout s to the mold L.- TheThe furnace F is turned' by' turned on, and thel furnace moved by thelever Zuntil the mouth c butts up close tothe chimney C. The furnaceisnow clamped fast t'o the friction-rollers, and the operationI ofdecarbonizing the iron is continued for from five to fifteenminutesaccording to the kind of .iron or steel that itis intended to beobtained. The strap i is now loosened bythe screw and lever k 7.', the'furnaceturned toits former position, when'the outlet d-will come to d',

`through which the fluid' iron'or steel is either l.east directly int-oa mold r chill, I), or is conducted by means of spout s into the moldL.' The casting may then be taken directly to a steam-hammer orrolling-mil1andforged in the same heat. I

For very largecastings it will be necessary. to vemploy severalfurnaces, as shown in Fiel 3, when t-hesame operation must go on silnultaneously in all of them.

Having thus fully describedy my invention, what I claim, and vdesire tosecure by Letters Patent, is Y 1. The construction and arrangement offurnaces capable of rotation upon a horizontal axis, and having tuyeresso arranged in an inclined position that .the blast enters the molten.iron'tangentially, or nearly so, to the curved bottom of such furnaces.

2.- The combination, with a barrel-furnace constructed-and arranged.essentially as de.- scribed, of a front plate capable oi' removal.,substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth. l I

3; Providing a barrel-furnace arranged and operated as herein describedwith a frictionstrap or its .mechanical equivalent to firmly hold andprevent shaking of the furnace during the operation of decarboni'zation,substantially as herein set forth.

"4L In combination with a furnace capable of rotation, as described, andprovided with Y a mouth for the reception of themolten metal from the'cupola, the side chimney on the cu`' pol-a so arranged that the saidmouth shall come in juxtaposition with-and convey the gases tothechimney, as described.

' 5. So forming and arranging the outletof a barrel-furnace constructedand operated as herein described as that it shall occupy, when thefurnace is imposition to be emptied, the lowest part of theconcav'ebottom.

-In testimony whereof I have signed my name to thisspecification beforetwo subscribing witnesses.

Washington, September 7 1861.

JOHN W. NYSTROM,

Witnesses:

A. POLLAK, EDM. F. BROWN.

